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刘佳智文选(三): Collection of Jiazhi Liu (Volume Three)

刘佳智文选(三): Collection of Jiazhi Liu (Volume Three)

          
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About the Book

本书搜集美东刘佳智先生近期发表作品,内容包含特写2篇、散文4篇、短篇小说2篇、中篇小说1篇。

【特写节录】《佐治.华盛顿总统与美国独立战争的胜利》

一年一度的美国华诞--光辉的七月四日又来临了。眼望人们欢欣鼓舞,心潮激荡澎拜,满怀深情,觥筹交错,热烈庆祝的景象。总是使我们一次次看到美国现代的强盛,联想到她所走过的艰难历程...... 啊!那令人永难忘怀,佐治 .华盛顿总统亲自指挥,在世界历史上写下灿烂辉煌的一页,没有它就可能没有当代美国,永垂不朽的美国独立战争,将始终激励和鼓舞着美国人民英勇奋斗向前进,去创造更大的胜利和成就。

著名的航海家克里斯托弗. 哥伦布十五世纪生于意大利热那亚。他从小聪明伶俐,好学上进,遇事坚韧顽强,又特别喜爱海洋。很早就树立了西向航海,到达印度、中国、日本等国,轻而易举地获取大量金子的远大理想。青年时期,哥伦布成了一名水手,虔诚的基督教徒,辗转于葡萄牙。为了筹集远航的重金,多方跋涉努力,又到过其它国度。后来,幸得西班牙王室的支持和赞助,终于实现了自己多年西行的夙愿。

在海上历尽无数艰辛,哥伦布终于到达了北美,被当时欧洲人认为的新大陆。以后的《美利坚合众国》就座落在这片美丽的土地上。新大陆的发现,震动了欧洲。西班牙很快在哥伦布所到之处建立了殖民地。劳苦功高的哥伦布也大受嘉奖,成为这些地方的总督。紧接着,英国、法国、葡萄牙、荷兰等国也纷纷踏上北美,军队介入,建立议会,拥有了各自的殖民地。其中,大英帝国特别势力强大,先后占领了十三个州作为殖民地。

新大陆殖民地的获得,给欧洲人口不断增多,土地面积相对狭小的各国带来了极大的好处。人口得以移民,经济加速发展。北美北部所造的船舰,中部的粮食,南部的棉花、烟草与经济作物纷纷占领市场,大大促进了殖民者们资本的原始积累。可他们又是怎样对待当地被哥伦布称之为印第安人的土著居民呢?-- 政治上残酷压迫、统治,经济上大量掠夺,盘剥,只把本土当作原料基地,人民做为廉价劳动力,严重阻碍其自然经济的发展。后来对欧洲普通移民也如此。有压迫就有反抗,双方的矛盾日益尖锐、加深,结果必然导致战争。美国的独立战争就是这样形成的。

与此同时,占领殖民地的各国为争夺殖民地,也常互相攻击。1756年至1763年,英法之间就发生了七年战争。结果虽然英国获胜,但庞大的军费开支给帝国带来严重财政困难。为了摆脱困境,英政府就想把问题转嫁到殖民地人民头上。于是,除了更进一步加强控制压榨,疯狂掠夺以外,又大量增加税收,致使殖民地人民苦不堪言。1765年3月,英议会就通过了增税的《印花税法》,因遭到殖民地人民的强烈反对,抵制英货不断发生,而不得不废除。1767年1月,英政府又再次颁布了同样损害殖民地人民利益的《唐森德税法》。它更大大激起了殖民地人民的愤概,抗议,抵制英货的事件迅猛增加。为进行镇压,英国派出了武装部队。

1770年3月,在波斯顿,请愿、示威民众中有四人被英军枪杀,六人负重伤,这就是令人们非常悲忿的"波斯顿惨案"。它进一步激化了殖民统治者与殖民地人民之间的对立。



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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781647841584
  • Publisher: Ehgbooks
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Chinese
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Collection of Jiazhi Liu (Volume Three)
  • Width: 152 mm
  • ISBN-10: 1647841585
  • Publisher Date: 01 Aug 2022
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 108
  • Spine Width: 7 mm
  • Weight: 172 gr


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