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列宁主义辩证法和经验主义形而上学

列宁主义辩证法和经验主义形而上学

          
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About the Book

到底是坚持唯物主义辩证法,还是相信经验所得,把科学研究和政治分析建立在无论是个体的,还是集体的,又或者是领域的权威专家一致的经验结论中?针对20世纪初,党内出现的路线和思维分歧,列宁感到不得不作出表态,以免经验主义者们--那些在各自领域取得杰出成果的物理学家,化学家,生物学家们--尽管被称为自己所在学科的翘楚,但却自大到认为他们也可以在哲学方面高人一等的科学家们,有意或者无意地作出错误而荒谬的论述。如果这种论述仅限于他们自己的科研领域那还罢了,但事实上,这种本质上抛弃了唯物辩证法和辩证唯物主义的哲学思想和思维逻辑,已经逐步扩散到党内的政治工作领域,按照列宁的话讲,如果任由它发展下去,打着布尔什维主义的旗号进行着事实上反对马克思和恩格斯哲学本质的活动,那无异于毁灭了布尔什维主义,那无异于壮大了孟什维主义。 令列宁感到迷惑的是,这种彻彻底底,明明白白的唯心主义,这种从根源上抛弃了辩证唯物主义的想法为什么能够存在,以至于让一些尤其优秀的革命同志陷入泥潭--如果此时列宁还愿意称呼他们为同志的话--事实上,列宁从未放弃挽救这些同志的努力。这些同志包括文中多次出现的波格丹诺夫、卢那察尔斯基等人。列宁在高尔基的邀请下,特意来到这些马赫主义者的研讨大本营--卡普里岛,并试图劝说这些误入歧途的优秀的革命党人。但争论的结果显然是令人失望的。这令列宁更加清醒而紧迫地认识到,必须对这种错误的虚伪的观念进行系统的批判和驳斥,否则,它将极大地影响革命的进程 那些相信了马赫主义歪门邪道的人,必然无法完成实现社会主义革命以及进行社会主义建设的伟大任务。 列宁为此专门写作了《唯物主义和经验批判主义》一书,无情地揭露了马赫主义在根本上的荒谬性和矛盾性。这种荒谬不仅体现在 1)把特定学科的、片面的、偶然的经验当做全部科学研究的、完全的、普遍的规律。事实上,列宁指出,这所谓的"特定学科"主要是所谓"新物理学",但即便是"新物理学"和马赫主义者们宣称的哲学也有很大距离。2)否认了社会意识产生于社会存在,否认了物质世界作为无论是个体意识还是集体意识产生的基础,而从根本上否认了马克思和恩格斯的哲学基础,而陷入了庸俗的唯心主义。3)试图消除矛盾而达到所谓的平衡。事物是在矛盾中,在自己的对立统一中运动和发展的,而马赫主义者竟然试图找到一种方式来消除所有的矛盾。他们试图论证存在这样一种"经济"的平衡,所有的需要都已经被满足,而没有产生新的运动的必要。4)如果你询问,如何达到马赫主义者所谓的"经济性"和"平衡性",他们先从自己的特定学科出发,絮絮叨叨一大堆,但当他们试图从特定走向普遍时,却往往陷入主观主义和唯心主义陷阱。这在波格丹诺夫的政治科幻小说《红星》中就能看出。所谓实现火星人的理性对地球社会主义制度的改造,竟然是靠"爱的感情",这无疑对自称代表着"近代科学的哲学"的马赫主义是一种讽刺。 一转眼,距离列宁和马赫主义者的论战已经过去了七十年,而当时作者所处的年代,或者说时时刻刻,在世界的任何角落,又何尝没有七十年前早已论证清楚的问题的遗留呢?为此,本书的作者伊林柯夫在1979年,重温了列宁和马赫主义者的精彩论战,并梳理总结了列宁的主要论点和思想。只有坚持辩证唯物主义,才是布尔什维主义的真正的立场,而其他任何类型的唯心主义


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783982553603
  • Publisher: Lulu Press
  • Publisher Imprint: Karl-Marx Verlag
  • Height: 216 mm
  • No of Pages: 182
  • Spine Width: 10 mm
  • Width: 140 mm
  • ISBN-10: 3982553601
  • Publisher Date: 07 Jul 2023
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Chinese
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 217 gr


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