Jere E BrophyJere Brophy was a University Distinguished Professor of Teacher Education and Educational Psychology at Michigan State University. A clinical and developmental psychologist by training, he conducted research on teachers' achievement expectations and elated self-fulfilling prophecy effects, teachers' attitudes toward individual students and the dynamics of teacher-student relationships, students' personal characteristics and their effects on teachers, relationships between classroom processes and student achievement, teachers' strategies for managing classrooms and coping with problem students, and teachers' strategies for motivating students to learn. Most recently, he focused on curricular content and instructional method issues involved in teaching social studies for understanding, appreciation, and life application.