Ed D Christopher C BellChristopher Cleophus Bell Jr. was born and raised in Norfolk, Virginia. After graduating from Virginia State University (BS), he served 20 years in the U.S. Army and retired as a major. Upon completing his graduate education, Dr. Bell managed educatinal programs in the District of Columbia Public Schools and the U.S. Department of Education. Dr. Bell's interest in religion lead him to become a veteran observer and analyst of the effects of religion on Black people's behavior and self-efficacy. His studies and observations convinced him that Black people in America's Christian White racist culture can only free themselves from their present sense of racial inferiority and gain a sense of authentic self-respect by ending their "Jesus worshipping" protocol and acquiring a "Jesus following" protocol or a humanistic belief system. Christopher C. Bell Jr. EdD, Major U.S. Army earned the following degrees and certificate: Virginia State University (BS), Fitchburg State College (M.Ed.), Harvard University Graduate School of Education (CAS), Boston University Graduate School of Education, (Ed.D.). Read More Read Less