Barbara ToddBarbara A. Todd is the director of the Clinical Surgical Specialists and Practitioners (CSSP) at the Hospital University of Pennsylvania and adjunct faculty at the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Nursing. She began her nursing career at Case Wesern Reserve University in surgical nursing. She then began a career as a nurse practitioner in 1984 with her first NP position in cardiac surgery here at the Hospital University of Pennsylvania. She then pursued an administrative and clinical role as the program director for the cardiac and thoracic surgery program at Temple University from 1989 to 2003, where she developed the inpatient NP model. She has lectured extensively on issues in cardiac care and has been course director for many educational programs. She has published numerous articles and authored a certification review book for students preparing for the acute care nurse practitioner exam. She is certified in both family practice and acute care. Future plans are to investigate health care redesign. Read More Read Less