Adham SaouliAdham Saouli is Professor of International Relations at the University of St Andrews and Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies. Saouli is the author of the The Arab State: Dilemmas of Late Foration (Routledge, 2012), Hezbollah: Socialisation and its Tragic Ironies (Edinburgh University Press, 2019), editor of Unfulfilled Aspirations: Middle Power Politics in the Middle East (Oxford University Press, 2020), and co-editor of The War for Syria (Routledge, 2020). Saouli is now examining the historical origins of and contemporary political impact of the Arabo-Islamic concept of Fitna (sedition, civil war). Read More Read Less